Question 1 of 10
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Which negative symptom is associated with schizophrenia? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
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- AgitationAgitation is a positive symptom associated with schizophrenia.
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- Lack of motivationLack of motivation is a negative symptom associated with schizophrenia.
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- Disordered thinkingDisordered thinking is a positive symptom associated with schizophrenia.
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- Flat affectFlat affect is a negative symptom associated with schizophrenia.
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- Poor hygienePoor hygiene is a negative symptom associated with schizophrenia.
Question 2 of 10
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Which observation indicates to the nurse that a patient is experiencing positive symptoms of schizophrenia? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
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- Jumbled ideasJumbled ideas are an example of disordered thinking, which is a positive symptom of schizophrenia.
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- Lack of interest in activitiesLack of interest in activities or social interest is a negative symptom of schizophrenia.
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- Difficulty with social relationshipsHaving difficulty with social relationships is a negative symptom of schizophrenia.
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- Seeing thingsSeeing things is a visual hallucination, which is a positive symptom of schizophrenia.
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- Hearing voicesHearing voices is an auditory hallucination, which is a positive symptom of schizophrenia.
Question 3 of 10
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Which statement by a patient describes a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
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- “I prefer to take a bath or shower once a week. I still smell okay.”Poor hygiene is a negative symptom associated with schizophrenia.
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- “Did you hear those footsteps? The devil is going to get you!”Hallucinations are part of the schizophrenia illness, which is a positive symptom.
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- “Lately, I have not felt like doing anything. I feel so exhausted.”Lack of motivation is a negative symptom associated with schizophrenia.
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- “Did you hear about the upcoming parade? I don’t like large crowds or feel like going.”A lack of interest in activities is a negative symptom associated with schizophrenia.
Question 4 of 10
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A nurse is preparing to administer fluphenazine to a patient to treat psychosis. The patient states, “You know I’m the President of the United States of America, right?” Which symptom is the patient displaying?
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- HallucinationsA hallucination is a visual or auditory perception of something not being present. This patient, however, is experiencing a delusion.
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- DelusionsA delusion is a false personal belief. The patient is being delusional since there is a belief that the patient thinks they are the President of the United States of America.
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- Disordered thinkingWith disordering thinking, thoughts may come and go rapidly. This patient, however, is experiencing a delusion.
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- AgitationWhen a person is agitated, the person is in an unpleasant state of extreme arousal such as fighting or struggling. This patient, however, is experiencing a delusion.
Question 5 of 10
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Which response would the nurse provide when the parent of an adolescent with schizophrenia asks, “How do typical antipsychotics work?”
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- “Typical antipsychotics can block dopamine receptors in the brain and reduce hallucinations.”There is an overstimulation of dopamine receptors, which leads to both delusions and hallucinations. Typical antipsychotics can block dopamine receptors in the brain.
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- “Doctors aren’t sure exactly how typical antipsychotics work, but they know that it works on the central nervous system.”This statement is incorrect. Physicians know that typical antipsychotics block dopamine receptors in the brain, which can help to reduce positive symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions.
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- “Typical antipsychotics can increase the serotonin levels to make delusions less distressing.”Typical antipsychotics work on only dopamine receptors in the brain to reduce positive symptoms. Atypical antipsychotics block both dopamine and serotonin receptors.
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- “Typical antipsychotics can act on hormonal changes that cause hallucinations.”With schizophrenia, there is a chemical imbalance in the brain that leads to altered thought perception. Typical antipsychotics address that imbalance, not hormonal changes.
Question 6 of 10
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Which sign or symptom is common in patients experiencing pseudoparkinsonism? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
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- Shuffling gaitIn pseudoparkinsonism, patients can have a shuffling gait.
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- Facial grimacingFacial grimacing is a symptom found with acute dystonia, not pseudoparkinsonism.
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- Protrusion of the tongueProtrusion of the tongue is a symptom commonly found in patients experiencing tardive dyskinesia, not pseudoparkinsonism.
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- RigidityRigidity is the inability to bend, which is commonly found in patients experiencing pseudoparkinsonism.
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- BradykinesiaBradykinesia is the slowness of movement, which is common in patients experiencing pseudoparkinsonism.
Question 7 of 10
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The nurse teaches a patient about the administration of a typical antipsychotic for treatment of bipolar disorder. Which statement by the patient indicates the need for additional teaching?
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- “I have decreased swimming from 10 to 5 laps a day.”The patient is decreasing swimming from 10 to 5 laps a day, which shows that there is an understanding to minimize strenuous activity.
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- “I am so excited to be going hiking to the mountains this weekend.”The patient should avoid participating in strenuous activity such as hiking uphill, as this can cause extremes in temperature because typical antipsychotic may affect the body’s ability to regulate core body temperature.
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- “I like to take casual bike rides to the nearby park every morning.”Casual bike rides on easy terrain to the nearby park do not require the use of lot of energy.
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- “I enjoy reading non-fiction books before bed.”There is little to no physical activity involved with reading.
Question 8 of 10
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Which instruction is most important to teach a patient who is prescribed clozapine?
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- Watch for a sudden increase in temperature.The nurse would instruct the patient to report any signs and symptoms of infection such as a fever. Clozapine has been noted to significantly decrease white blood cell count, causing agranulocytosis.
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- Decrease screen time.Weight gain is a common side effect with atypical antipsychotic drugs. The nurse would encourage the patient to decrease screen time since this is a sedentary activity that could lead to weight gain. However, this is not the most important directive to provide.
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- You can try chewing sugarless gum.Dry mouth is a common side effect with atypical antipsychotic drugs. Chewing sugarless gum is optional. However, this is not the most important directive to provide.
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- Maintain a diet high in fiber.Atypical antipsychotic drugs can cause constipation and maintaining a diet in fiber will help. However, this is not the most important directive to provide.
Question 9 of 10
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Which instruction would the nurse include when teaching a patient about the administration of ziprasidone (Geodon)? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
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- “You might feel a bit drowsy.”Drowsiness is common since atypical antipsychotics block key neurotransmitters.
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- “You could experience some diarrhea.”Patients prescribed ziprasidone (Geodon) could experience constipation since it reduces bowel mobility.
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- “You may get dryness of the mouth.”Dry mouth is a side effect of the medication ziprasidone (Geodon).
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- “You could gain some weight.”Weight gain is a common with the drug ziprasidone (Geodon) due to less activity because of side effects such as fatigue and changes in metabolism.
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- “You may feel some dizziness.”The patient may experience some dizziness due to the sudden changes in blood pressure.
Question 10 of 10
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The nurse suspects that a patient prescribed quetiapine (Seroquel) 800 mg daily has developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Which observation supports this hypothesis? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
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- Decreased red blood cell countRed blood cell count is not changed in patients with neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
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- Muscle rigidityMuscle rigidity is a sign of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
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- HyponatremiaSodium levels are not changed in patients with neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
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- Sudden elevated temperatureSudden elevated temperature is a hallmark sign of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
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- Unstable blood pressureUnstable blood pressure is a common finding neuroleptic malignant syndrome due to the changes in the central dopaminergic transmission.