Question 1 of 6
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Which subjective patient report is a warning sign of a heart attack? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
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- Jaw painJaw pain is a warning sign of a heart attack. The patient would be instructed to call 911 or an emergency number immediately for these symptoms.
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- Chest painChest pain is a warning sign of a heart attack. The patient would be instructed to call 911 or an emergency number immediately for these symptoms.
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- Blurred visionBlurred vision is not typically associated with a heart attack but may accompany a brain attack (stroke).
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- Shortness of breathShortness of breath is a warning sign of a heart attack. The patient would be instructed to call 911 or an emergency number immediately for these symptoms.
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- Feeling of impending doomFeeling of impending doom is a warning sign of a heart attack. The patient would be instructed to call 911 or an emergency number immediately for these symptoms.
Question 2 of 6
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Which risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is considered modifiable? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
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- Age 65 or olderAdvanced age is a nonmodifiable risk factor.
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- HyperlipidemiaHyperlipidemia is a modifiable risk factor for CVD. The ratio of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) to low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) is the best predictor of cardiovascular disease. A diet that is high in saturated fat, calories, and cholesterol contributes to hyperlipidemia. Dietary control is an important factor for modifying this risk factor.
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- Sedentary lifestyleA patient with a sedentary lifestyle would be assisted to increase exercise and gradually build towards moderate exercise 3 to 5 times/week.
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- Occupational stressWork-related stress is considered modifiable because the patient can learn coping strategies to manage personal response to external sources of stress.
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- Family history of high blood pressureA family history of high blood pressure is a nonmodifiable risk factor; however, personal control over hypertension is possible.
Question 3 of 6
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Which test records the electrical impulses of the heart and presence of injury at rest for a patient with sudden onset of chest pain?
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- Holter monitorA Holter monitor records the electrical function of the heart during daily activity and is used to determine whether activity causes abnormalities.
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- EchocardiographyEchocardiography is useful for evaluating the size, shape, and position of structures, as well as movement within the heart. It is the test of choice for valve problems.
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- ElectrocardiographyElectrocardiography records the electrical impulses of the heart and determines the presence of injury at rest.
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- Cardiac catheterizationCardiac catheterization has several purposes and uses, including assessing the pumping action of the heart, the cardiac output, and the size and patency of the coronary arteries.
Question 4 of 6
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On which condition would the nurse focus patient education efforts to prevent the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) most effectively?
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- Hypertension preventionHypertension prevention is the most important to prevent the development of other cardiovascular diseases. When hypertension is not a factor, only 10% of the population is affected by other CVDs. When hypertension is present, 50% of the population is affected.
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- Stroke preventionStroke prevention is important. However, it is not typically a precursor to other CVDs. Hypertension prevention is the most important to prevent the development of other cardiovascular diseases. When hypertension is not a factor, only 10% of the population is affected by other CVDs. When hypertension is present, 50% of the population is affected.
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- Heart failure managementHeart failure management is important to an individual’s well-being. However, it does not have as significant impact on other CVDs as hypertension. Hypertension prevention is the most important to prevent the development of other cardiovascular diseases. When hypertension is not a factor, only 10% of the population is affected by other CVDs. When hypertension is present, 50% of the population is affected.
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- Weight lossWeight loss is an important part of an individual’s well-being and disease prevention. However, alone, it does not have as significant of an impact on other CVDs as hypertension. Hypertension prevention is the most important to prevent the development of other cardiovascular diseases. When hypertension is not a factor, only 10% of the population is affected by other CVDs. When hypertension is present, 50% of the population is affected.
Question 5 of 6
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Which factor suggests that the patient has metabolic syndrome? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
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- Abdominal circumference 42 inches (106 cm)An abdominal circumference of 40 inches (102 cm) in men and 35 inches (88 cm) in women is considered a component of metabolic syndrome.
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- Average blood pressures 140/90 mm HgBlood pressure over 130/85 mm Hg is considered a component of metabolic syndrome. Blood pressures that are above this suggest metabolic syndrome.
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- Triglyceride level of 130 mg/dLTriglyceride levels of 150 mg/dL or greater is considered a component of metabolic syndrome. Less than 150 mg/dL is not a component.
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- Fasting blood glucose 110 to 120 mg/dLFasting blood glucose levels above 100 mg/dL are a component of metabolic syndrome, suggesting insulin resistance. Fasting blood glucose levels of 110 to 120 mg/dL suggest metabolic syndrome.
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- High-density lipoprotein level of 54 mg/dLHigh density lipoprotein levels should be above 40 mg/dL for men and 50 mg/dL for women. Higher levels do not suggest metabolic syndrome.
Question 6 of 6
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Which individual, if participating in a blood pressure screening program, would the nurse refer to the provider?
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- A 65-year-old patient whose blood pressure is 140/85 mm HgThe patient over 60 years whose blood pressure is more than 130 mm Hg systolic and 80 mm Hg diastolic should be referred to the provider because of the possible need for treatment.
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- A 50-year-old patient whose blood pressure is 115/76 mm HgThe patient less than 60 years whose blood pressure is less than 120/80 mm Hg is within normal range and does not need referred to the provider.
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- A 75-year-old whose blood pressure is 128/74 mm HgThe patient over 75 years whose blood pressure is less than 130/80 mm Hg does not need a referral to the provider. Blood pressure is within normal limits.
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- A 60-year-old patient whose blood pressure is 125/60 mm HgThe patient who is 60 years with a blood pressure of 125/60 mm Hg is within normal limits and does not need referred to the provider.
