Chapter 20, Over-the-Counter Drug Therapy: Vitamins- Sherpath

Question 1 of 12

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Which vitamin deficiency might the patient with several fractures in the past year have?

• • AVitamin A deficiency occurs in people with celiac disease, colitis, night blindness, impaired immunity, and hematopoiesis. Bone fractures do not suggest a vitamin A deficiency.
• Correct
  • DVitamin D deficiency occurs in people with rickets, osteoporosis, hypoparathyroidism, fractures, and depression.
• • EVitamin E deficiency occurs in people with low birth weight and impaired fat metabolism. Bone fractures do not suggest a vitamin E deficiency.
• • KVitamin K deficiency occurs in people with blood clotting disorders. Bone fractures do not suggest a vitamin K deficiency.

Question 2 of 12

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For which function is Vitamin B₆ responsible? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

• • Producing cholesterolVitamin B₃, not vitamin B₆, is responsible for cholesterol production, nervous system function, converting food into energy, and digestion.
• Correct
  • Forming red blood cellsVitamin B₆ is responsible for immune function, nervous system function, red blood cell formation, and protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism.
• • Absorbing ironVitamin C, not vitamin B₆, is responsible for iron absorption, immune function, healing and collagen formation.
• Correct
  • Metabolizing fatVitamin B₆ is responsible for immune function, nervous system function, red blood cell formation, and protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism.
• • Forming collagenVitamin C, not vitamin B₆, is responsible for iron absorption, immune function, healing and collagen formation.

Question 3 of 12

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Which vitamin aids in maintaining a healthy nervous system? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

• • CVitamin C aids collagen formation, healing, immune function, and iron absorption.
• Correct
  • B₁Vitamin B₁ aids in nervous system function and converts food into energy.
• • B₂Vitamin B₂ aids in converting food into energy, growth and development, and red blood cell formation.
• Correct
  • B₃Vitamin B₃ aids in nervous system function, cholesterol production, converting food into energy, and digestion.
• Correct
  • B₆Vitamin B₆ aids in nervous system function, immune function, red blood cell formation, and protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism.
• Correct
  • B₁₂Vitamin B₁₂ aids in nervous system function, converting food into energy, and red blood cell production.

Question 4 of 12

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A patient reports having no appetite and a stomachache. The nurse notes the patient’s nose yellowing. Which vitamin would the nurse suspect this patient is overdosing on?

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  • AEarly indications of vitamin A overdose are anorexia, abdominal pain, malaise, and yellowing of the skin, especially the nose and ears.
• • DVitamin D toxicity includes anorexia, nausea, malaise, weight loss, vague aches and stiffness, constipation, diarrhea, convulsions, anemia, mild acidosis, and kidney function impairment.
• • KAdverse reactions to vitamin K are transient flushing, dizziness, strange taste in the mouth, sweating, hypotension, and pain or swelling at the injection site.
• • EVitamin E appears to be the least toxic of the fat-soluble vitamins. No signs and symptoms of toxicity have been identified in humans.

Question 5 of 12

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A patient has been on contraceptives for five years and reports that her lips and tongue are burning. Which vitamin deficiency would the nurse suspect?

• • AVitamin A addresses disorders associated with fat malabsorption, such as celiac disease or colitis.
• Correct
  • B₂B₂, or riboflavin, levels in the body can be decreased by oral contraceptive use for three or more years. Symptoms of deficiency include cracks in the corners of the mouth, soreness and burning of the tongue and lips, and sore throat.
• • B₃Vitamin B₃, or niacin, is important in generating cellular energy. Deficiency symptoms include glossitis, stomatitis, and diarrhea.
• • B₆Deficiency in vitamin B₆ include malaise, nervousness, irritability, and difficulty in walking.

Question 6 of 12

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Which sign or symptom indicates an allergic reaction to vitamin B₁? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

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  • CyanosisSymptoms of an allergic reaction to vitamin B₁ include cyanosis, pruritus, urticaria, and angioedema, amongst others.
• • AnorexiaAnorexia is a symptom of vitamin A overdose, not an allergic reaction to vitamin B₁.
• Correct
  • SweatingSymptoms of an allergic reaction to vitamin B₁ include sweating and tightness of the throat, amongst others.
• • DiarrheaDiarrhea is a potential reaction to an injection of cyanocobalamin.
• Correct
  • NauseaSymptoms of an allergic reaction to vitamin B₁ include nausea and shortness of breath, amongst others.

Question 7 of 12

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Which vitamin should be increased during early pregnancy to help prevent neural tube defects?

• • B₁Thiamine (vitamin B₁) is needed for carbohydrate metabolism and energy production. Hyperemesis of pregnancy can lead to a deficiency in vitamin B₁.
• • B₂Riboflavin (vitamin B₂) is important in the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
• • B₆Pyridoxine (vitamin B₆) functions as a coenzyme in the metabolism of protein, carbohydrates, and fat.
• Correct
  • B₉Folic acid (vitamin B₉) is used to help prevent spinal cord malformations in the fetus (neural tube defects) and should be supplemented in early pregnancy.

Question 8 of 12

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Which type of diet causes a deficiency in vitamin B₁₂?

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  • VeganSymptoms of deficiency in B₁₂ occur mainly in people on vegan or strict vegetarian diets because B₁₂ is only found in animal products.
• • PaleoThe paleo diet believes in consuming no processed food or grains, and does not restrict the intake of animal products, which is where B₁₂ is found.
• • Low-carbThe only restriction for a low-carb diet is to keep the intake of carbohydrates at a minimum. There is no restriction on the intake of animal products, which is where B₁₂ is found.
• • Raw foodThe raw food diet emphasizes the consumption of uncooked and unprocessed foods, and does not restrict the consumption of meat, which is where B₁₂ is found.

Question 9 of 12

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For which patient would vitamin C be recommended? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

• Correct
  • A patient who has recurring urinary tract infections.Vitamin C helps prevent recurrent urinary tract infections by acidification of urine.
• • A patient with chronic liver disease.Vitamin B₁₂, not vitamin C, is used to treat chronic liver disease.
• Correct
  • A patient who has scurvy.Vitamin C is used to treat scurvy, a condition caused by a lack of ascorbic acid.
• Correct
  • A patient with severe burns.Vitamin C may be used to treat patients with severe burns.
• • A patient with colitis.Vitamin A, not vitamin C, is used to treat disorders associated with fat malabsorption, such as celiac disease or colitis.

Question 10 of 12

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Vitamin D moves calcium and phosphorus to which main site in the body? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

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  • Small intestineOne site where vitamin D moves calcium and phosphorus is the small intestine to promote absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the gut.
• • LiverThe liver is not a site where vitamin D moves calcium and phosphorus.
• Correct
  • KidneysThe kidneys are a site where vitamin D moves calcium and phosphorus to cause phosphate reabsorption and to stimulate calcium and sodium reabsorption.
• • EyesThe eyes are not a site where vitamin D moves calcium and phosphorus.
• Correct
  • BonesA site where vitamin D moves calcium and phosphorus are the bones to help increase the mineralization of newly formed bones.

Question 11 of 12

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Which food is rich in vitamin E? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

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  • Wheat germFood sources of vitamin E are primarily plants, such as wheat germ and rice germ, among others.
• • EggsVitamin K, not vitamin E, is found in eggs.
• • SeafoodVitamin B₁₂, not vitamin E, is found in clams, lobster, sardines, flounder, and tuna.
• Correct
  • Green leafy vegetablesFood sources of vitamin E are primarily plants, such as green leafy vegetables and nuts, among others.
• • PastaPasta is a good source for vitamin B₉, not vitamin E.
• Correct
  • Vegetable oilsVegetable oils are a good source of vitamin E.

Question 12 of 12

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Which vitamin facilitates normal blood clotting?

• • CVitamin C is used to form collagen and for tissue repair.
• • DVitamin D helps move calcium and phosphorus ions into the small intestine, the kidneys, and the bones.
• • EVitamin E is an antioxidant with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties and is not used to help in blood clotting.
• Correct
  • KVitamin K helps liver formation of factors II, VII, IX, and X, which are essential for normal blood clotting, although the exact mechanism is unknown.