Question 1 of 9
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Which statement explains how intrathoracic pressure contributes to newborn respiratory adaptation?
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- It activates chemoreceptors in the carotid arteries and aorta.Fetal hypoxia activates chemoreceptors, not intrathoracic pressure.
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- It activates skin sensors that send impulses to stimulate the respiratory center.Skin sensors are stimulated by the change in temperature from intrauterine to extrauterine environment.
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- It causes a drop in prostaglandin levels, thereby reducing inhibition of respirations.Prostaglandin levels drop as a result of clamping the umbilical cord.
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- It forces fetal lung fluid out of the alveoli and into interstitial spaces.Pressure changes in the lungs force fetal lung fluid out of the alveoli to allow air into the lungs.
Question 2 of 9
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Which two factors trigger cardiovascular adaptation after birth?
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- Umbilical cord clampingUmbilical cord clamping functionally closes the umbilical arteries, umbilical vein, and ductus venosus.
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- Tactile stimulationTactile stimulation during and after birth stimulates skin sensors which, in turn, stimulate respiratory adaptation, not cardiovascular adaptation.
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- Chest compressionChest compression during birth forces fluid from the lungs, stimulating respiratory adaptation, not cardiovascular adaptation.
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- Initiation of respirationInitiation of respiration inflates the lungs, decreases pulmonary vascular resistance, and stimulates increased pulmonary blood flow, leading to closure of the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale.
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- Chemical factorsChemical factors, including activation of chemoreceptors and decreased prostaglandin, are factors stimulating respiratory adaptation, not cardiovascular adaptation.
Question 3 of 9
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Which characteristics predispose the newborn to heat loss?
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- Large body surface to mass ratioNewborns have a large skin surface in proportion to their size, increasing the risk for heat loss.
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- Thin subcutaneous fat layerNewborns have inadequate stores of brown fat and are at a higher risk for heat loss due to thin layers of subcutaneous fat.
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- Flexion of extremitiesFlexion of extremities limits the surface area exposure and is a method of heat conservation in a newborn.
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- Maternal temperature at birthThe maternal temperature at birth does not impact the newborn’s heat loss.
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- Superficial blood vesselsBecause of the lack of subcutaneous tissue, newborn blood vessels are closer to the surface, leading to increased insensible heat loss.
Question 4 of 9
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Through which mechanism does nonshivering thermogenesis generate heat in a newborn?
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- VasodilationThe newborn’s blood vessels constrict in response to decreased body temperature. Vasodilation is not associated with nonshivering thermogenesis.
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- Diminished metabolic activityNewborns increase their physical activity to raise the body temperature. Metabolic activity is not associated with nonshivering thermogenesis.
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- Metabolism of brown fatNonshivering thermogenesis increases the newborn’s body temperature by metabolizing brown fat.
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- Increased respiratory rateThe newborn’s respiratory rate decreases with cold stress. Increased respiratory rate does not contribute to heat generation during nonshivering thermogenesis
Question 5 of 9
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Which assessments would the nurse include during the initial assessment of a newborn after birth?
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- Airway patencyThe nurse would assess the airway patency of the newborn; if the airway is not patent, resuscitation or immediate intervention is needed.
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- Heart soundsThe nurse would assess the heart sounds of the newborn (heart rate, rhythm, and whether murmur is present) to determine whether resuscitation or immediate intervention is needed.
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- Head circumferenceHead circumference measurement is an important newborn measurement but not one done during the initial assessment after birth. The initial assessment is abbreviated and used to identify the need for resuscitation or immediate intervention.
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- LengthLength measurement is an important newborn measurement but not one done during the initial assessment after birth. The initial assessment is abbreviated and used to identify the need for resuscitation or immediate intervention.
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- ColorThe nurse would assess the color of the infant. If not pink, the infant may require resuscitation or immediate intervention.
Question 6 of 9
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Which statements regarding the assessment of newborn vital signs are accurate?
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- A heart rate of 146 beats/min is normal.The normal newborn heart rate ranges from 120 to 160 beats/min.
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- A respiratory rate of 66 breaths/min is normal.The normal respiratory rate ranges from 30 to 60 breaths/min. Therefore 66 breaths/min is abnormal.
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- A temperature of 36.8°C (98.2°F) is normal.Normal newborn axillary temperature ranges from 36.5 to 37.5°C (97.7 to 99.5°F).
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- A blood pressure of 70/48 is normal.While not routinely measured, normal newborn blood pressure ranges from systolic 65 to 95 mm Hg and diastolic 30 to 60 mm Hg.
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- Respiratory rate and heart rate are assessed for a full minute.Respiratory rate and heart rate are routinely assessed for a full minute to account for variability.
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- Blood pressure is routinely assessed.Blood pressure is not routinely assessed; it is only assessed if cardiovascular concerns arise.
Question 7 of 9
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Which criterion is used to classify an infant as small-for-gestational-age (SGA)?
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- Less than 10th percentile for weightSGA infants are less than the 10th percentile for weight.
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- 10th percentile for heightSGA infants are less than the 10th percentile for weight, not height. Height percentile is not used in gestational age classification.
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- Less than 37 weeks’ gestationInfants who are less than 37 weeks’ gestation are classified as preterm.
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- Less than 25th percentile for weightInfants are classified as appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) if their weight falls within the 10th and 90th percentiles.
Question 8 of 9
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Which newborn assessment finding is considered a normal variant?
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- Caput succedaneumCaput succedaneum is an area of edema to the newborn’s head as a result of labor; it is considered a normal variant.
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- Peripheral acrocyanosisPeripheral acrocyanosis, the bluish or purple coloring of the hands or feet, is considered a normal newborn assessment finding.
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- Minimal tearingMinimal tearing is considered a normal newborn assessment finding.
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- Nostrils patent bilaterallyNostrils patent bilaterally is considered a normal newborn assessment finding.
Question 9 of 9
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Match the reflex being assessed with the picture.
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Correct Answers:
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Submitted Answers:
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1 Babinski
Correct
2 Tonic neck
Correct
3 Sucking
Correct
4 Moro
