Question 1 of 6
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When emptying a urinary drainage bag attached to a patient’s urinary catheter, which condition would the nurse associate with the urine’s sweet, fruity odor?
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- InfectionInfections generally give the urine a foul odor.
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- Kidney stonesUrine odor does not change when a patient has kidney stones.
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- Diabetes insipidusUrine odor does not change when a patient has diabetes insipidus.
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- Metabolic acidosisA sweet, fruity odor indicates the presence of acetone, which occurs in metabolic acidosis.
Question 2 of 6
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For a patient with a history of uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the presence of which substance in the patient’s urine indicates a long-term complication?
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- GlucoseThe patient likely has glucose in the urine as a result of hyperglycemia.
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- AlbuminMicroalbuminuria (the presence of albumin in the urine) indicates early kidney disease, which is a long-term complication of uncontrolled hyperglycemia and high blood pressure.
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- White blood cellsWhite blood cells in the urine indicate a urinary tract infection.
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- Escherichia coli bacteriaBacteria in the urine indicate a urinary tract infection.
Question 3 of 6
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Which condition would the nurse suspect in a patient that reports having dark-brown urine?
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- DehydrationDehydration often results in brown urine, but it is typically a lighter shade of brown or orange, not a dark brown.
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- Addison diseaseAddison disease often results in urine that is dark brown in color.
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- Diabetes insipidusDiabetes insipidus would be suspected in a patient that reports colorless or pale-yellow urine.
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- Chronic renal diseaseChronic renal disease often results in colorless, or pale-yellow urine.
Question 4 of 6
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The patient reports recently having to urinate every hour. Which term would be appropriate for the nurse to use when documenting these findings?
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- NocturiaNocturia refers to urination that occurs during the night and may be related to decreased ability of the kidney to concentrate urine that occurs with aging.
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- PolyuriaPolyuria is abnormally high urine output that is diluted as a result of excessive solutes and increased excretion of water.
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- Urinary hesitancyUrinary hesitancy refers to a delay in starting the stream of urine which may be related to a partial obstruction.
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- Urinary frequencyUrinary frequency is a term used to describe the need to void more often than every 2 hours.
Question 5 of 6
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The nurse is caring for a patient that reports leaking small amounts of urine whenever the patient sneezes. Which kind of incontinence would the nurse suspect that the patient has?
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- Stress incontinenceStress incontinence results from urethral sphincter failure from an increase in abdominal pressure such as with coughing, sneezing, or laughing.
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- Overflow incontinenceOverflow incontinence occurs when there is poor contractility of the detrusor muscle or obstruction of the urethra such as with prostate hypertrophy or genital prolapse.
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- Functional incontinenceFunctional incontinence is caused by cognitive inability to recognize the urge to urinate or a self-care deficit caused by extreme depression.
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- Neurologic incontinenceNeurologic incontinence is caused by disorders of the neurologic system such as multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury.
Question 6 of 6
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The nurse is providing discharge education for a patient with urinary retention who is prescribed a bladder stimulant medication. Which statement would the nurse include in the teaching?
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- “Include extra fiber in your diet to prevent constipation.”Patients taking urinary antispasmodics should be advised to include extra fiber and fluids in the diet to prevent constipation.
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- “You will need to monitor your blood pressure closely.”Bladder stimulant medications can result in orthostatic hypotension, so it is important for patients on these medications to monitor their blood pressure closely.
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- “Report a prolonged erection to your provider immediately.”Patients taking medications for benign prostatic hyperplasia such as tamsulosin or terazosin should report a prolonged erection to the provider immediately.
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- “This medication may cause dry mouth and blurred vision.”Tricyclic antidepressants may cause dry mouth and blurry vision.
