Question 1 of 10
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A patient with acquired immunodeficiency virus syndrome (AIDS) develops retinitis. Which condition would the nurse suspect as the cause of the infection?
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- Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is responsible for cold sores and fever blisters of the lip and mouth.
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- Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)With herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), the infected person may have genital sores and lesions.
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- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is mostly commonly found in persons with acquired immunodeficiency virus syndrome (AIDS). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is related to the herpes virus which can cause a serious eye infection (retinitis) that may lead to blindness.
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- Varicella-zoster virus (VSV)Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a virus of the herpes family known to infect humans, which causes chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster).
Question 2 of 10
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Which information about antiviral drugs would the nurse provide to a patient with recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2 outbreaks? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
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- Can decrease the pain associated with genital herpes.Antiviral drugs can relieve symptoms of genital herpes, which is generally characterized by itching and painful blisters and lesions.
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- Can shorten the healing time of the herpes virus.Antiviral drugs reduce the severity and the duration of the herpes virus infection.
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- Cures the herpes virus.There is no cure for the herpes virus. Antiviral drugs cannot completely rid the body of the herpes virus.
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- Reduces the number of flare ups.Antiviral drugs work to prevent the herpes virus from replicating. Lower viral replication reduces the number of herpes flare ups that a patient may experience.
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- Increases viral shedding.When the virus attempts to make new copies of itself, the antiviral medication will reduce viral shedding.
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- Can reduce the likelihood of transmission to partners with intermittent use.Antiviral drugs must be used daily for suppression of the herpes virus, which will likely reduce transmission to sexual partners.
Question 3 of 10
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Which adverse reaction is related to the administration of remdesivir? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
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- HypoglycemiaRemdesivir can cause a rise in blood sugar level (hyperglycemia).
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- AnemiaRemdesivir may cause liver damage, which can often destroy the body’s ability to produce red blood cells, leading to anemia.
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- Decreased liver enzymesElevated liver enzymes are a serious side effect in patients receiving remdesivir.
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- PneumoniaPneumonia is a complication of COVID-19 not an adverse reaction from remdesivir.
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- Atrial fibrillationPatients started on remdesivir should be monitored for a new onset of atrial fibrillation.
Question 4 of 10
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Which liquid or food allergies would the nurse identify as a contraindication to acyclovir therapy?
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- EggsEggs are not a contraindication to acyclovir therapy since they do not cause cross-reactivity of the antibodies.
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- ShellfishShellfish are not a contraindication to acyclovir therapy since they do not cause cross-reactivity of the antibodies.
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- MilkA true milk allergy is a contraindication to acyclovir therapy due to cross-reactivity of the antibodies.
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- PorkPork is not a contraindication to acyclovir therapy since it does not cause cross-reactivity of the antibodies.
Question 5 of 10
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Which question is important for the nurse to ask before giving zanamivir to a patient?
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- “Have you ever experienced hallucinations?”The nurse should monitor the patient for hallucinations after the administration of zanamivir because neuraminidase inhibitors cross the blood–brain barrier and can cause CNS side effects.
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- “Do you have a history of asthma?”Before giving zanamivir, the nurse should ask the patient whether they have asthma because an orally inhaled drug can cause bronchospasms.
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- “When was the last time you had a nightmare?”The nurse should observe the patient for nightmares after the administration of zanamivir since neuraminidase inhibitors cross the blood–brain barrier and can cause CNS side effects.
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- “Does depression run in your family?”The nurse should observe the patient for depression following the administration of zanamivir because it crosses the blood–brain barrier and can cause CNS side effects.
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- “Do you know where you are?”Zanamivir may cause confusion after oral inhalations since this drug typically crosses the blood–brain barrier and can cause CNS side effects.
Question 6 of 10
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Which finding indicates to the nurse that a patient who just received their first intravenous dose of foscarnet is experiencing an immediate adverse reaction?
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- IrritabilityFoscarnet is an anticytomegalovirus drug/DNA polymerase inhibitor, and could potentially cause nephron toxicity; however, it does not typically cause CNS adverse reactions after the first dose.
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- Sore throatThe nurse should monitor for signs and symptoms of infections because bone marrow production of white blood cells is suppressed; however, this is not an immediate adverse event.
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- TachypneaThe nurse should assess the patient for tachypnea (fast, shallow breaths) because these drugs can cause respiratory adverse events.
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- HeadacheA headache is not an immediate adverse reaction.
Question 7 of 10
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Which side effect would the nurse monitor for in a patient receiving rimantadine for the treatment of influenza?
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- ConfusionThe nurse should assess for confusion or behavioral changes because uncoating inhibitor drugs can cross the blood–brain barrier, which causes CNS side effects.
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- ConstipationConstipation is not a common side effect of rimantadine.
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- CoughingCoughing is a symptom of the flu.
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- ChillsThe patient may experience chills due to the body attempting fight off the flu virus by boosting its core temperature.
Question 8 of 10
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Which drug targets the DNA-polymerase?
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- AmantadineAmantadine is an uncoating inhibitor, which targets viral M2 proton channel.
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- RimantadineRimantadine is an uncoating inhibitor, which targets viral M2 proton channel.
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- OseltamivirOseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor, which targets the enzyme neuraminidase.
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- TelbivudineTelbivudine is a DNA polymerase inhibitor, which targets DNA-polymerase by blocking the synthesis of the enzyme polymerase.
Question 9 of 10
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Which drug would the nurse question for a patient reporting bone pain?
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- AdefovirThe nurse questions the drug adefovir since this drug can cause bone thinning, which can contribute to the bone pain the patient is experiencing.
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- EntecavirThe nurse should question the drug entecavir if the patient reports severe epigastric pain because this drug increases the risk of pancreatitis.
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- TelbivudineThe nurse should question the drug telbivudine if the patient reports nausea, vomiting, and severe epigastric pain since this drug increases the risk of pancreatitis.
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- SimeprevirThe nurse should question the drug simeprevir if the nurse notices the patient’s skin and sclerae are yellowing, because this drug could be toxic to the liver.
Question 10 of 10
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The nurse suspects that a patient taking entecavir 1 mg orally once daily is developing pancreatitis. Which data supports this suspicion? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
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- The patient has unexplained muscle pain.Unexplained muscle pain may indicate a sign and symptom of lactic acidosis.
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- The patient reports pain that radiates to the back.Pain radiates to the back because the pancreas is located in the upper part of the abdomen behind the stomach.
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- The patient reports abdominal pain after eating.The patient experiences abdominal pain when the pancreas is inflamed.
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- The patient has nausea and vomiting.Nausea and vomiting are due to the inflammation of the pancreas.
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- The patient has difficulty breathing.The patient having difficulty breathing could be a sign and symptom of lactic acidosis.
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- The patient reports severe epigastric pain.Severe epigastric pain could indicate inflammation of the pancreas.