Question 1 of 9
Report content error
Which drug used to treat cardiomyopathy would the nurse expect the healthcare provider to prescribe when there is an issue associated with poor contractility of the heart?
-
- CoumadinCoumadin is a blood thinner. Coumadin does not increase the contractility of the heart.
-
- LasixLasix is a loop diuretic (fluid medication). Lasix does not increase the contractility of the heart.
- Correct
- DigoxinMedical treatment for cardiomyopathy includes drugs to increase contractility (such as digoxin).
-
- AtenololAtenolol is a beta blocker used to treat hypertension. It does not increase the contractility of the heart.
Question 2 of 9
Report content error
Which type of cardiomyopathy is evident in the patient who has a hereditary condition involving an oversized left ventricle (LV) muscle and a normal-sized right ventricle (RV)?
- Correct
- HypertrophicHypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves increased growth of the LV muscle.
-
- RestrictiveRestrictive cardiomyopathy involves stiffened ventricles, which prevent adequate relaxation after systole, affecting ventricular filling. Restrictive cardiomyopathy does not cause an oversized LV.
-
- DilatedDilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by extensive enlargement of both ventricles with impairment of contraction.
-
- ConstrictedConstricted is not a type of cardiomyopathy.
Question 3 of 9
Report content error
Which valve disorder is evident in the patient with a history of left-sided valve disorder and a physical assessment that reveals a mid-systolic click?
-
- Tricuspid valve disorderThe tricuspid valve is located on the right side of the heart between the atrium and ventricle. There is no mid-systolic click with tricuspid valve disorder.
-
- Pulmonic valve disorderThe pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. A mid-systolic click is not heard with pulmonic valve disorder.
- Correct
- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)The mitral valve is located on the left side of the heart between the atrium and ventricle. A mid-systolic click heard at the apex is characteristic of MVP.
-
- Aortic valve disorderThe aortic valve is located on the left side of the heart, but there is no mid-systolic click heard.
Question 4 of 9
Report content error
The nurse would educate the patient about which factor, which is the cause of the symptoms of hypotension, dyspnea, and weakness associated with aortic stenosis?
- Correct
- Decreased cardiac outputWith aortic stenosis, cardiac output is decreased to the point that the body’s demands cannot be met during exertion. Systolic HF begins, and pulmonary congestion produces symptoms of hypotension, dyspnea, and weakness.
-
- Increased cardiac outputWith aortic stenosis, cardiac output is decreased, not increased.
-
- Increased ejection fractionWith aortic stenosis, cardiac output is decreased and there is a decreased ejection fraction, not an increased ejection fraction.
-
- Diastolic heart failure (HF)Because of a decreased cardiac output with aortic stenosis, systolic (not diastolic) HF begins.
Question 5 of 9
Report content error
For which reason does the left ventricle (LV) dilate and become hypertrophic in aortic regurgitation (insufficiency)?
-
- Increased diastolic pressureDiastolic pressure is not increased; it is decreased with aortic insufficiency.
- Correct
- Increased blood volumeWith aortic regurgitation (insufficiency), the valve leaflets do not close properly during diastole, allowing backflow of blood from the aorta into the LV. The LV dilates and hypertrophies from the greater blood volume.
-
- Decreased systolic pressureSystolic pressure is not decreased; it is increased with aortic insufficiency.
-
- Decreased blood volumeWith aortic regurgitation (insufficiency), there is an increase in blood volume, not a decrease.
Question 6 of 9
Report content error
Which medication is included in the therapeutic drug treatment of cardiac valve disorders for the patient showing symptoms of heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
- Correct
- DigoxinDigoxin is used to improve symptoms of HF and dysrhythmias.
- Correct
- OxygenOxygen is used to improve symptoms of HF and dysrhythmias.
- Correct
- DiltiazemIf atrial fibrillation cannot be converted to a normal sinus rhythm, drugs such as diltiazem, metoprolol, or amiodarone will be administered to slow ventricular response rate.
- Correct
- FurosemideDiuretics are used to improve symptoms of HF and dysrhythmias. Furosemide is a loop diuretic.
- Correct
- AtenololBeta blockers are used to improve symptoms of HF and dysrhythmias. Atenolol is a beta blocker.
Question 7 of 9
Report content error
Which medication would be required for a lifetime regimen for the patient who has had a mechanical cardiac valve replacement? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
-
- DiltiazemDiltiazem may be included as a medication for the patient with a mechanical heart valve replacement if the patient is needing rate control as seen with atrial fibrillation, but diltiazem would not be a lifetime treatment for the patient after a mechanical cardiac valve replacement.
- Correct
- WarfarinMechanical valves require lifetime anticoagulation, such as with warfarin, postoperatively because of the possibility of clot formation.
-
- FurosemideFurosemide, a loop of diuretic, may be included as a medication for the patient with a mechanical heart valve replacement if heart failure is present, but furosemide would not be a lifetime treatment for the patient after a mechanical cardiac valve replacement.
-
- AtenololAtenolol, a beta blocker, may be included as a medication for the patient with a mechanical heart valve replacement if the patient has hypertension, but atenolol would not be a lifetime treatment for the patient after a mechanical cardiac valve replacement.
- Correct
- ApixabanMechanical valves require lifetime anticoagulation, such as with apixaban, postoperatively because of the possibility of clot formation.
Question 8 of 9
Report content error
Which class of medications is used to control the atherosclerotic process in cardiac disorders?
-
- DiureticsDiuretics are used to decrease fluid and edema and to assist in lowering blood pressure. Diuretics do not have any effect on atherosclerosis.
-
- AntihypertensivesAntihypertensives lower blood pressure but do not have any effect on atherosclerosis within the arteries.
-
- AnticoagulantsAnticoagulants help to decrease risk for clot formation, but they have no effect on atherosclerosis within the arteries.
- Correct
- AntilipidsAtherosclerosis is caused by the deposit of plaque within the arteries. Lipids cause this plaque within the arteries. Antilipids help to decrease lipids and keep them from clogging the arteries.
Question 9 of 9
Report content error
Which nursing care is critical for the nurse to perform for the patient with inflammatory or infectious heart disease who has been discharged from the hospital? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
- Correct
- Heart assessmentA thorough heart assessment is performed at every visit.
- Correct
- Lung assessmentA thorough lung assessment is performed at every visit.
- Correct
- Daily temperature trackingThe importance of tracking temperature daily is stressed.
- Correct
- Signs/symptoms of adverse reactionsAssessment for signs and symptoms of adverse reactions is performed.
- Correct
- Assessment of intravenous (IV) or peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) lineThe nurse will teach the patient or family how to infuse the antibiotics and how to care for the IV or PICC line.
