Question 1 of 6
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The nurse would anticipate that a patient who presents with a blank facial expression, slurred speech, hand tremors, and an unsteady, shuffling gait would be diagnosed with which disorder?
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- Multiple sclerosisMultiple sclerosis is a progressive disorder with remissions and exacerbations.
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- Myasthenia gravisMyasthenia gravis is characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles.
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- Parkinson diseaseA blank facial expression, slurred speech, hand tremors, and an unsteady, shuffling gate are classic signs of Parkinson disease.
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- Guillain-Barré syndromeGuillain-Barré syndrome involves a pattern of ascending motor paralysis.
Question 2 of 6
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Which is involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson disease? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
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- Lewy bodiesLewy bodies are clumps of proteins that are present with Parkinson disease.
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- DopamineDopamine is a neurotransmitter affected by Parkinson disease.
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- Substantia nigraThe substantia nigra is a section of the midbrain that has dopamine-producing neurons that are attacked by Parkinson disease.
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- Basal gangliaThe basal ganglia are a group of structures involved with the coordination of movement.
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- ForebrainThe forebrain is home to sensory processing, endocrine structures, and higher reasoning. The midbrain is most affected by Parkinson disease as it contains the substantia nigra.
- Correct
- AcetylcholineAcetylcholine is a neurotransmitter affected by Parkinson disease.
Question 3 of 6
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Which is the medical term for a condition that causes slow movement and speech?
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- BradypneaBradypnea is breathing at a slower than normal rate.
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- BradykinesiaBradykinesia is a condition that causes slow movement and speech.
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- DyskinesiaDyskinesia is involuntary, erratic, or writhing movements.
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- DysphoniaDysphonia is having an abnormal voice, such as hoarseness.
Question 4 of 6
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When caring for a patient with Parkinson disease, which intervention should not be assigned to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?
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- Assisting with ambulationUAP should be able to safely assist with ambulation using appropriate assistive devices.
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- Performing a bed bathUAP would be able to safely perform a bed bath.
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- Feeding a dysphagic patientUAP should not be assigned to feed the dysphagic patient if at all possible due to the risk of aspiration.
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- Assisting with an exercise programAssisting with an exercise program developed by physical therapy would be an appropriate task for UAP.
Question 5 of 6
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The nurse is discussing care of a patient with Parkinson disease. Which statement indicates a need for further education?
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- “A warming tray should be used to keep food warm while the patient takes rest periods while eating.”A patient with Parkinson disease needs extra time to finish tasks, so a warming tray will give them the time they need to eat their meals.
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- “Teach the patient to consciously assume correct posture.”Consciously assuming the correct posture will help the patient plan their moves and avoid “freezing” when walking.
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- “The patient should receive at least 3000 mL of fluids per day when constipated.”If constipation occurs, there should be an increase in fiber and an increase in fluids to 3000 mL per day.
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- “Allow the patient to use a pillow when resting to prevent flexion of the spine.”Using a pillow during rest breaks will promote flexion of the spine and should be avoided.
Question 6 of 6
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Which is an appropriate tip to help a patient with Parkinson disease cope with their illness?
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- Be sure to swallow often while eating.Swallowing often is an appropriate tip as it will help prevent drooling.
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- Avoid the use of straws.Straws can help strengthen the muscles of the lips, mouth, and throat, so their use should be encouraged.
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- Avoid adjustable tables.Adjustable tables may help reduce arm fatigue and increase comfort, so their use should be encouraged.
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- Try to pivot when you turn around.When turning around, the patient should not pivot. To avoid falls, they should try to move forward and slowly walk in a circle.
