Question 1 of 6
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Which individual is at highest risk for complications related to fluid balance changes?
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- An 86-year-oldThe 86-year-old is an older adult, and those of this age are more likely to experience complications from fluid balance changes.
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- A 34-year-oldThis individual is an early middle-aged adult; they are not at highest risk for complications related to fluid balance changes. Those at highest risk are the very young and older adults.
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- An 18-year-oldThis individual is a young adult; they are not at highest risk for complications related to fluid balance changes. Those at highest risk are the very young and older adults.
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- A 56-year-oldThis individual is a middle-aged adult; they are not at highest risk for complications related to fluid balance changes. Those at highest risk are the very young and older adults.
Question 2 of 6
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Which type of fluid is most plentiful in the body?
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- TranscellularTranscellular is part of the extracellular fluid, which makes up only about one-third of total body water.
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- ExtracellularExtracellular fluid makes up only about one-third of total body water.
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- InterstitialInterstitial fluid is part of extracellular fluid, which makes up only about one-third of total body water.
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- IntracellularIntracellular fluid makes up about two-thirds of total body water.
Question 3 of 6
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Which regulation system impacts fluid balance when the patient experiences decreased blood flow to the kidneys?
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- OsmoreceptorsOsmoreceptors respond to changes in the ratio of fluid to solutes, not in relation to blood flow to the kidneys.
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- Antidiuretic hormoneAntidiuretic hormone responds to changes in pressure or concentration of blood, not in relation to blood flow to the kidneys.
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- Renin-angiotensin systemThe renin-angiotensin system responds when reduced blood flow to the kidneys is experienced.
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- BaroreceptorsBaroreceptors respond to changes in pressure, suggesting increased or decreased blood volume, not in relation to blood flow to the kidneys.
Question 4 of 6
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Which electrolyte level will the nurse evaluate to identify the osmolality of intracellular fluid?
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- MagnesiumMagnesium does not maintain the osmolality of intracellular fluid; therefore it cannot be used to evaluate the osmolality of intracellular fluid.
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- ChlorideChloride does not maintain the osmolality of intracellular fluid; therefore it cannot be used to evaluate the osmolality of intracellular fluid.
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- SodiumSodium does not maintain the osmolality of intracellular fluid; therefore it cannot be used to evaluate the osmolality of intracellular fluid.
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- PotassiumPotassium maintains the osmolality of intracellular fluid; it is used to evaluate the osmolality of intracellular fluid.
Question 5 of 6
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Which intravenous solution would be therapeutic for a patient with moderate dehydration?
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- Isotonic solutionIsotonic solutions restore the fluid balance within the circulatory system. They can be used to treat moderate dehydration.
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- Hypotonic solutionHypotonic solutions make cells swell. In moderate dehydration, isotonic solution is warranted.
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- Hypertonic solutionHypertonic solutions make cells shrink. In moderate dehydration, isotonic solution is warranted.
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- No intravenous solutionA person with dehydration must receive an intravenous solution to prevent shock. In this case, isotonic solution is warranted.
Question 6 of 6
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Which mechanism for movement and distribution of body fluids requires the use of cellular energy?
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- FiltrationFiltration requires a pushing force on one side of a membrane; it does not require the use of cellular energy.
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- Active transportActive transport requires cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to move fluids and substances.
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- DiffusionDiffusion depends on differences in fluid concentrations to move fluids across membranes; it does not require the use of cellular energy.
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- OsmosisOsmosis depends on differences in fluid concentrations to move fluids across membranes; it does not require the use of cellular energy.