Question 1 of 9
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Which rationale would the nurse provide when teaching about the difference between medical asepsis and surgical asepsis?
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- The goal of surgical asepsis is to reduce microorganisms; the goal of medical asepsis is to eliminate microorganisms.Surgical asepsis has the goal of completely eliminating microorganisms. This involves the sterilizing of instruments, skin, linens, and other articles that will be used to perform surgery or other types of sterile procedures (e.g., inserting a Foley catheter into the bladder, placing an intravenous catheter into a vein).
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- The goal of medical asepsis is to reduce microorganisms; the goal of surgical asepsis is to eliminate microorganisms.Medical asepsis has the goal of reducing microorganisms; this process includes hand hygiene, separation or isolation of the patient, use of appropriate precautions for handling and disposing contaminated articles, and other techniques that have been devised to contain and destroy infectious agents, such as cleansing and disinfection.
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- Surgical asepsis involves hand hygiene, infectious patient isolation, and disposal of contaminated articles; medical asepsis involves sterilizing skin and procedural equipment.Surgical asepsis has the goal of completely eliminating microorganisms. This involves the sterilizing of instruments, skin, linens, and other articles that will be used to perform surgery or other types of sterile procedures (e.g., inserting a Foley catheter into the bladder, placing an intravenous catheter into a vein).
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- Medical asepsis is used when inserting a bladder catheter or placing an intravenous catheter; surgical asepsis is only used in a surgical setting when performing incisions.Medical asepsis has the goal of reducing microorganisms; this process includes hand hygiene, separation or isolation of the patient, use of appropriate precautions for handling and disposing contaminated articles, and other techniques that have been devised to contain and destroy infectious agents, such as cleansing and disinfection.
Question 2 of 9
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Which action would be taken by the health care team performing a surgical procedure?
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- Don a head cover.Procedures being performed at the bedside that require surgical asepsis, such as a central line placement, require that all persons in the room wear a face mask and head cover. The person performing the procedure must also wear sterile gloves and a sterile cover gown.
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- Clean patient’s skin.A patient’s skin needs to be sterilized before performing a surgical procedure, not just cleaned.
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- Don nitrile gloves.The provider performing a surgical procedure must don sterile gloves.
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- Clean hands normally.Vigorous, more involved hand hygiene is required before performing surgical procedures.
Question 3 of 9
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What clinical finding would the nurse expect when caring for a patient diagnosed with sepsis? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
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- BradypneaTachypnea is a clinical finding of sepsis.
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- Elevated white blood cell (WBC) countAn elevated WBC count is part of the inflammatory response and indicative of sepsis.
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- TachycardiaTachycardia is part of the inflammatory response and indicative of sepsis.
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- Altered level of consciousnessAn altered level of consciousness is also likely to occur in sepsis.
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- PolyuriaOliguria, or decreased urine output, is more likely seen with sepsis.
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- HypothermiaDuring sepsis, the patient may present with a fever.
Question 4 of 9
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Which personal protective equipment (PPE) items would be donned before entering the room of a patient diagnosed with a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection on the right flank?
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- Gowns, glovesGowns and gloves are always worn when caring for patients requiring contact precautions.
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- Surgical mask, gloves, shoe coversA surgical mask and gloves are used with droplet precautions. Shoe covers are not required for isolation precautions.
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- N-95 respirator, double glovesAn N-95 respirator is useful for patients with airborne or Ebola precautions in place. Double gloves are not required by evidence-based practice protocols.
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- N-95 respirator, gownAn N-95 respiratory is useful for patients with airborne or Ebola precautions in place. Gowns are required for contact precautions.
Question 5 of 9
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Which personal protective equipment (PPE) item is applied first when donning PPE?
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- GlovesGloves are one of the last items to be applied with donning PPE, after googles or face shield.
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- GownThe gown is the first PPE item to apply when donning PPE.
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- Goggles or face shieldGoggles are applied after the mask or respirator when donning PPE.
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- Mask or respiratorThe mask or respirator is applied immediately after the gown when donning PPE.
Question 6 of 9
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Which action taken by the nurse caring for a patient undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant demonstrates a need for further teaching?
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- Placing the patient in a filtration room with positive air pressurePatients with severely compromised immune systems should be placed in special airflow and filtration rooms with positive air pressure to protect the patient from having organisms brought into the room.
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- Placing a sign on the door prohibiting staff with any signs of illness from entering the roomStaff must be free from signs and symptoms of illness to protect the patient from transmission of the illness from the staff member.
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- Ensuring there are smooth surfaces throughout the room to aid with disinfectionMicroorganisms can hide in rough surfaces, so it is important to ensure the room has smooth surfaces that are easy to disinfect.
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- Advising family members to wear a mask if they have any cold symptomsFamily members should never be allowed in the room if they have signs or symptoms of illness.
Question 7 of 9
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Which patient has an increased susceptibility to infection? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
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- A 54-year-old female with leukemiaImmunocompromised patients are more susceptible to infection.
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- A 20-year-old male with nausea and vomitingA young patient with gastrointestinal symptoms is not more susceptible to infection.
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- A 6-month-old infant with a coughVery young children are more susceptible to infection because of their immature immune systems.
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- A 60-year-old male recovering from abdominal surgerySurgeries place the patient at increased risk for infection because of the surgical incisions, possible intravenous lines, and drains or tubes.
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- A 34-year-old female with dehydrationA young female with dehydration would not be more susceptible to infection.
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- An 87-year-old female with a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) lineAn elderly patient with an invasive device would be more susceptible to infection because of a decrease in the activity of the immune system at advanced age. The PICC line can create a route for microorganisms to enter the body.
Question 8 of 9
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Which procedure requires implementation of aseptic technique?
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- Obtaining an echocardiogramAn echocardiogram is a noninvasive ultrasound of the heart that would not require aseptic technique.
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- Collecting a bladder scan analysisA bladder scan is a noninvasive ultrasound of the bladder. Preparing for this would not require aseptic technique.
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- Placement of a central lineThe goal of asepsis to eliminate microorganisms. This would be important during the placement of a central line because it is creating an opening for microorganisms to enter the body.
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- Performing an enemaEnema administration is considered a nonaseptic procedure.
Question 9 of 9
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Which finding would indicate the presence of sepsis?
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- Elevated lactate levelPatients with sepsis may present with elevated lactate levels.
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- Elevated red blood cellsPatients with sepsis may present with depressed red blood cell levels.
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- Negative serial blood culturesSerial blood cultures may be positive for invading microorganisms in the patient with sepsis.
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- Depressed leukocyte countSepsis presents with elevated leukocyte levels.